Income is one of the most important considerations for retirees. Once the days of earning a salary have passed, replacing it with a steady stream of income is essential. Unfortunately, relying on income from cash or fixed interest is getting harder as interest rates have experienced a seismic shift over the last decade. Naturally, the search for yield has led retirees to seek more income from equities in recent years.
Australian stocks are a great place to invest for income. Over the last two decades the All Ordinaries (All Ords) has delivered an average income return of around 4%. And since 2012, the All Ords income return has been far superior to the 12-month term deposit rate.
Source: Iress, Reserve Bank of Australia
Dividends are not risk-free
While it seems like equities offer a relatively stable yield, retirees should keep in mind that it’s calculated off a very volatile capital base. For example, earning a 4% yield on a $100 capital base is very different from earning the same 4% yield after the capital base has collapsed to $70. Yield chasers learnt this the hard way during 2016 when the dividends of many resource companies were slashed. For example, BHP’s dividend collapsed by 70% in 2016 when its share price fell 48% over one year to its February 2016 low.
Dividends at certain times can be just as risky as stock prices. Stock prices typically collapse during periods when global growth slows as earnings are revised down. It is no surprise that yield traps often appear when company earnings are unable to support dividend payments during those chaotic periods.
Source: Iress, Vertium
The deepest dividend cuts of around 50% occurred during the 1990s recession and the Global Financial Crisis. However, back then interest rates were relatively high and offered an attractive alternative to the yield on equities. Today with greater allocation to equities in search of income (because interest rates have plummeted), the impact on retirees’ portfolio may be larger.
The COVID Crisis is a reminder that income from equities is not risk free. The health and financial crises have not spared many sectors of the Australian economy. About two thirds of the ASX100 stocks are expected to have reduced dividends over the next financial year.
Source: FactSet
The biggest dividend cuts were experienced in the Travel, Leisure, Energy, and Financial sectors. Vertium estimates that the income return from the market is expected to fall by approximately 20% over the coming year. About half of the decrease in market income is driven by the Financial sector given that it makes up a disproportionately large part (around 20%) of the index. The dividend cuts were encouraged by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority despite Financial companies having stronger capital positions compared to the GFC – what is good for the financial system is not necessarily good for shareholders.
Components of Sustainable Equity Income
Consistent income from equities may be elusive if retirees solely focus on dividends. However, there is a more sustainable way to derive income from equities. While dividends are cut in a crisis, there is another reliable source of income – option income.
At Vertium, we sell options as a core part of our strategy, with the goal of generating additional income for our portfolio. Selling options to generate income is not new. Selling call options on a stock allows the option seller to earn income and potentially forgo future capital upside. Alternatively, selling put options allows income to be earnt and potentially owning a stock in the future.
Selling options is much like selling insurance to collect premiums. The key for option sellers is to understand how much risk to take on the upside (when selling call options) and to the downside (when selling put options). Like insurance companies having strong underwriting standards to minimise large capital losses, option sellers need to have a strong stock valuation framework to know when to sell options to successfully manage capital.
Boosting Your Portfolio with Option Income
When option income is combined with dividends and franking, the yield universe in equities improves substantially. A rich yield universe means retirees do not have to chase dividends for income and can avoid yield traps. As a result, a retiree does not have to hold a disproportionately large part of their portfolio in banks just for the sake of generating income. In turn, this will also enable them to achieve better diversification, and hence lower portfolio risk.
There is another key benefit of option income. Market corrections often occur when company earnings are expected to come under pressure, which often lead to dividend cuts. However, during market corrections market volatility typically rises, and this leads to option prices increasing substantially. Hence, when dividends are slashed, increased income from options provides a very good offset during those times.
The COVID crisis is no exception. Despite large dividend cuts the combined yield universe still offers rich income opportunities. The following chart highlights that income can be sustained during periods when dividends are under pressure.
Note: Dividend yield = next twelve months dividend divided by share price; Franking yield = next twelve months franking from dividend divided by share price; Option yield = 3-month at-the-money option price divided by share price. Source: FactSet, Iress, Vertium
At the end of May 2020, the average dividend yield across the ASX100 is about 3.1% (3.9% grossed up with franking), which is quite low compared to historical standards. When option income is added the combined average yield increases to 9.1%, highlighting that the yield potential is significantly enhanced. Even low dividend yield stocks such as CSL can generate close to 8% combined yield if options are sold.
Hence, at Vertium we do not expect a significant change to our portfolio yield during these uncertain times. Option income will do the heavy lifting when dividends are temporarily depressed.
Summary
Lower interest rates have driven more retirees to search for yield in equities. While dividends are a great source of income, they can be volatile. The COVID Crisis is a clear reminder that dividends may disappear when companies are under stress.
Income from equities does not just have to be about dividends and franking. Selling options provides another layer of yield that helps smooth the total income profile from equities. Extra income goes directly into the hands of the retiree, where every extra per cent of yield counts. If a high level of sustainable income is achieved, it goes a long way to provide a comfortable lifestyle for retirees.
This information is for general information purposes only and does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any specific reader. As such, before acting on any information contained in this document, readers should consider whether the investment is suitable for their needs. This may involve seeking advice from a qualified financial adviser. Copia Investment Partners Ltd (AFSL 229316, ABN 22 092 872 056) (Copia) is the issuer of the Vertium Equity Income Fund. A current PDS is available from Copia located at Level 25, 360 Collins Street, Melbourne Vic 3000, by visiting vertium.com.au or by calling 1800 442 129 (free call). A person should consider the PDS before deciding whether to acquire or continue to hold an interest in the Fund. Any opinions or recommendations contained in this article are subject to change without notice and Copia is under no obligation to update or keep any information contained in this article current.